![\"\"](\"https:\/\/conf.icgbio.ru\/apde-siberia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/121\/2023\/12\/image21-300x193.gif\")
<\/a><\/p>\nFig. 1. An unrooted phylogenetic tree, based on 16S rRNA sequences, illustrating the three primary lines of descent and some of their major subgroups (reproduced from Wo\u00c2se et al. (1990 )).<\/p>\n
Background and significance of objectives<\/h3>\n
Authors of the project expect EEA to assist in the successful establishment of the phylogeny of Archaea \u00cb Eubacteria found in extremal biotopes (hot springs, mineral vents, salt and alkaline or soda lakes) based on sequence homology of 16S rRNA. To carrying out the work, highly skilled personnel of specialists will be trained.<\/p>\n
During 1992-1999 investigations, the Baikal Region richness of extremal biotopes was determined. There are more than 200 hot springs with water temperature up to 70-79\u00d3<\/sup>\u2014 (for example in spring Baunt \u00f1 up to 90\u00d3<\/sup>\u2014), more than 100 soda-salt lakes with mineralisation up to 140 g\/l and salt concentration 4%, and \uf8ff\u00d5 from 8.5 to 11.4 (Table 1).<\/p>\nTable 1. Physico-chemical characteristic of extremal biotopes<\/p>\n
\n\n\n| \n Parameter<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Dimensions<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Baikal<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Hot springs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Soda lake<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Temperature<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \u00d3<\/sup>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n 3,2-25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 20\u00f179<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 0-35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \n Salinity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 0-4,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \n Mineralisation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n g\/l<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 0,08-0,1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 0,2-2,2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 1-140<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \n Acidity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \uf8ff\u00d5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 6,8-8,2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 6,8-10,2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 8,5-11,4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n The region feature is the location of extremal biotopes in immediate proximity and formation sharp change of phisico-chemical gradients. It is very interesting for isolation of new species of extremophils. Investigation of extremophils from contrasting biotopes was not conducted till now.<\/p>\n Investigation results found Archaea and Cyanobacteria in the composition of algae-bacterial mats formed in hot springs are present in Table 2.<\/p>\n Table 2. Extremophils in hot springs microbial mats (Western Zabaikalya)<\/p>\n \n\n\n| \n Mats<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Tempera-ture,\u00a0![](\"images\/image22.gif\") \u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \uf8ff\u00d5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \u2014 org., %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n Dominant<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \n Sulphuretum-1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 30-71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 8.7-9.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 3.1-16.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n| \n Purple<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 22-53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 8.8-9.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n 1.3-14.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | | |