Mikhaylova Yu.V.; Shishova M.F.
Komarov Botanical Institute Institute RAS; St. Petersburg State University
14-3-3 proteins are conservative and wildly spread family of phosphate group-binding modulators required for protein-protein interaction. In plants 14-3-3 family members involved in regulation of such processes as cell division, growth and differentiation, as well as responses to different stress factors, implementation of hormone signalling and modification of metabolism. To explore origin of multiple isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins we employed evolutionary analysis in broad phylogenetic scale.
Ancient diversification on epsilon and non-epsilon groups of isoforms could take place in the early period of plants evolution. The observed distribution of isoforms in angiosperms species suggests that ancestral forms of epsilon, iota, psi and kappa 14-3-3 isoforms diverged in the common ancestor of flowering plants. Later in ancestor of monocots and eudicots mu and omega groups segregated from epsilon and psi, respectively. Subsequent whole genome duplication event formed variety of isoforms in different evolution lines of flowering plants. Therefore, in Amborella, that only species have no whole-genome duplication in its evolutionary history, there are only four isoforms of 14-3-3 protein. The opposite example is Brassicaceae, which experienced many rounds of whole genome duplications. As a result Arabidopsis has 13 isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins.
